Xisaabinta Mugga Hawada Hawo-qaadista iyo Xulashada Qalabka Dhismaha Tunnelka (3)

3. Doorashada qalabka hawo-qaadista

3.1 Xisaabinta halbeegyada habboon ee marin-biyoodka

3.1.1 Iska caabinta dabaysha ee marinnada hawo-mareenka tunnel-ka

Iska caabbinta hawada marinka hawo-mareenka tunnel-ka aragti ahaan waxa ka mid ah iska caabinta hawada is jiid jiid, iska caabbinta hawada wadajirka ah, caabbinta hawada suxulka ee marinka hawo-qaadista, iska caabbinta tuubbada hawo-mareenka tunnel-ka (hawo-qaadista) (hawo-saarid), iyo marka loo eego hababka hawo-qaadista ee kala duwan, waxaa jira qaabab xisaabin dhib badan.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, codsiyada la taaban karo, caabbinta dabaysha ee tuubada hawo-mareenka ma aha oo kaliya inay la xidhiidhaan arrimaha kor ku xusan, laakiin sidoo kale waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan tayada maaraynta sida sugidda, dayactirka, iyo cadaadiska dabaysha ee tuubada hawo-mareenka tunnel.Sidaa darteed, way adagtahay in la isticmaalo qaacidada xisaabinta ee u dhiganta xisaabinta saxda ah.Marka loo eego celceliska caabbinta dabaysha ee 100 mitir (ay ku jirto iska caabbinta dabaysha maxalliga ah) sida xogta lagu cabbirayo tayada maaraynta iyo naqshadaynta marinka hawo-mareenka tunnel-ka.Celcelis ahaan iska caabbinta dabaysha ee mitirka 100 waxaa bixiya soo saaraha sharaxaadda xuduudaha alaabta warshadda.Sidaa darteed, habka xisaabinta iska caabbinta dabaysha marinka hawo-mareenka tunnel-ka:
R=R100•L/100 Ns2/m8(5)
Halkee:
R - Iska caabinta dabaysha ee marinka hawo-mareenka tunnel,Ns2/m8
R100- Celceliska caabbinta dabaysha ee marinka hawo-mareenka tunnel 100 mitir, iska caabbinta dabaysha 100m gaaban,Ns2/m8
L - Dhererka qulqulka, m, L/100 wuxuu ka kooban yahay iskudarkaR100.
3.1.2 Diidashada hawo ee ka timaadda tuubooyinka
Xaaladaha caadiga ah, daadinta hawada ee biraha iyo tuubooyinka hawo-qaadista ee balaastikada ah ee leh hawo-mareenka ugu yar ayaa badanaa ku dhaca wadajirka.Ilaa inta daaweynta wadajirka ah la xoojinayo, qulqulka hawadu wuu yar yahay waana la iska indho tiri karaa.Tuubooyinka hawo-qaadista ee PE-da waxay leeyihiin daadinta hawo ma aha oo keliya kala-goysyada, laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku yaalliin darbiyada tubbada iyo godad dhererkoodu dhan yahay, sidaas darteed daadinta hawada tuubooyinka hawo-qaadista ee tunnel waa mid joogto ah oo aan sinnayn.Diidashada hawadu waxay sababtaa mugga hawadaQfdhamaadka isku xirka tuubada hawo-mareenka iyo marawaxadu inay ka duwanaato mugga hawadaQmeel u dhow meesha ay ka baxdo ee marinka hawo-qaadista (taas oo ah, mugga hawada loo baahan yahay ee tunnelka).Sidaa darteed, celceliska joomatari ee mugga hawada ee bilowga iyo dhammaadka waa in loo isticmaalo mugga hawadaQamaraaya marinka hawo-qaadista, ka dibna:
                                                                                                      (6)
Sida iska cad, farqiga u dhexeeya Qfiyo Q waa marinka hawo-mareenka tunnel-ka iyo qulqulka hawadaQL.oo ah:
QL=Qf-Q(7)
QLwaxay la xiriirtaa nooca tuubada hawo-mareenka tunnel-ka, tirada kala-goysyada, habka iyo tayada maamulka, iyo sidoo kale dhexroorka marinka hawo-qaadista ee tunnel-ka, cadaadiska dabaysha, iwm, laakiin waxay inta badan xiriir dhow la leedahay dayactirka iyo maareynta marinka hawo ee tunnel-ka.Waxaa jira saddex cabbir oo tilmaamayaal si ay u muujiyaan heerka daadinta hawada ee marinka hawo-qaadista:
a.Diidashada hawada ee marinka hawo-mareenka tunnelLe: Boqolkiiba ee ka soo daadashada hawada ee tuubada hawo-mareenka tunnel ilaa mugga hawada shaqaynaysa ee marawaxada, kuwaas oo kala ah:
Le=QL/Qfx 100%=(Qf-Q)/Qfx 100%(8)
Inkastoo Lewaxay ka tarjumaysaa qulqulka hawada ee tuubada hawo-mareenka tunnel-ka, looma isticmaali karo tusmaynta isbarbardhigga.Sidaa darteed, heerka daadinta hawada 100 mitirLe100waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa in lagu muujiyo:
Le100=[(Qf-Q)/Qf•L/100] x 100%(9)
Heerka daadinta hawada ee 100 mitir ee marinka hawo-mareenka tunnel-ka waxa bixinaya soo saaraha tubbada qeexitaanka cabbirka alaabta warshadda.Waxaa guud ahaan loo baahan yahay in heerka daadinta hawada ee 100 mitir ee tuubada hawo-mareenka dabacsan uu buuxiyo shuruudaha shaxdan soo socota (eeg Shaxda 2).
Shaxda 2 Heerka daadinta hawada 100 mitir ee tuubada hawo-qaadista dabacsan
Fogaanta hawo-qaadista (m) <200 200-500 500-1000 1000-2000 >2000
Le100(%) <15 <10 <3 <2 <1.5
b.Heerka mugga hawada waxtarka lehEfee marinka hawo-mareenka tunnel-ka: taas oo ah, boqolleyda hawo-mareenka tunnel-ka ee wejiga tunnelka ilaa mugga hawada shaqaynaysa marawaxad.
Ef(Q/Qf) x 100%
=[(Qf-QL)/Qf] x 100%
= (1-Le) x 100%(10)
Laga soo bilaabo isla'egta (9):Qf=100Q/(100-L•Le100) (11)
Ku beddel isla'egta (11) isla'egta (10) si aad u hesho:Ef=[(100-L• Le100)] x100%
== (1-L• Le100/100) x100% (12)
c.Isku-dhafka kaydka daadinta hawada ee marinka hawo-mareenka tunnelΦ: Taasi waa, is-dhaafsiga heerka mugga hawada waxtarka leh ee marinka hawo-mareenka tunnel.
Φ=Qf/Q=1/Ef=1/(1-Le)=100/(100-L•Le100)
3.1.3 Dhexroorka tuubada hawo-mareenka tunnel
Doorashada dhexroorka tuubada hawo-mareenka tunnelku waxay ku xidhan tahay arrimo ay ka mid yihiin mugga sahayda hawada, fogaanta sahayda hawada iyo cabbirka qaybta tunnelka.Codsiyada wax ku oolka ah, dhexroorka caadiga ah ayaa inta badan lagu doortaa iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladda isku midka ah ee dhexroorka marawaxadaha.Iyadoo horumarinta joogtada ah ee farsamada dhismaha tunnel-ka, tunnel dheer oo aad u badan ayaa la qoday oo leh qaybo buuxa.Isticmaalka tuubooyinka dhexroorka weyn ee hawo-qaadista dhismaha waxay si weyn u fududeyn kartaa habka dhismaha tunnel-ka, taas oo u sahlaysa kor u qaadida iyo isticmaalka qodista qayb-buuxa, sahlaysa samaynta godadka hal mar, waxay badbaadisaa xoog badan iyo qalab, waxayna si weyn u fududeysaa. maaraynta hawo-qaadista, taas oo ah xalka marinnada dhaadheer.Tuubooyinka hawo-qaadista ee tunnel-la-ballaadhan ayaa ah habka ugu muhiimsan ee lagu xalliyo hawo-qaadista dhismaha tunnel-ka dheer.
3.2 Go'aami cabbirrada hawlgalka marawaxada loo baahan yahay
3.2.1 Go'aami mugga hawada shaqaynaysa marawaxadQf
Qf=Φ•Q=[100/(100-L•Le100)]•Q (14)
3.2.2 Go'aami cadaadiska hawada ee shaqaleeyahahf
hf=R•Qa2=R•QfQ (15)
3.3 Xulashada qalabka
Doorashada qalabka hawo-qaadista waa inay marka hore tixgelisaa habka hawo-qaadista oo ay buuxiso shuruudaha habka hawo-qaadista ee loo isticmaalo.Isla mar ahaantaana, marka la dooranayo qalabka, waxaa sidoo kale lagama maarmaan ah in la tixgeliyo in mugga hawada loo baahan yahay ee tunnelku uu u dhigmo cabbirrada waxqabadka ee tuubooyinka hawo-qaadista ee tunnel-ka ee kor ku xusan iyo marawaxadaha, si loo hubiyo in mashiinnada hawo-qaadista iyo qalabku ay gaaraan ugu badnaan. hufnaanta shaqada iyo yaraynta qashinka tamarta.
3.3.1 Doorashada taageerayaasha
a.Xulashada taageerayaasha, taageerayaasha qulqulka axial ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa sababtoo ah cabbirkooda yaryar, miisaanka fudud, qaylada hoose, rakibidda fudud iyo waxtarka sare leh.
b.Mugga hawada shaqada ee marawaxadu waa inay buuxisaa shuruudahaQf.
c.Cadaadiska hawada shaqada ee marawaxadu waa inay buuxisaa shuruudahahf, laakiin waa inuusan ka weynaan cadaadiska shaqada ee la ogol yahay ee marawaxada (xuruufaha warshada marawaxada).
3.3.2 Doorashada marinka hawo-mareenka tunnel
a.Tuubooyinka loo isticmaalo hawo-soo-saarka tunnel-ka waxay u qaybsamaan tuubooyinka hawo-qaadista ee dabacsan oo aan fiicneyn, dhuunta hawo-mareenka oo dabacsan oo leh qalfoof adag iyo dhuumo hawo qaadasho oo adag.Tuubbada hawo-qaadista ee dabacsan oo aan qaab-dhismeed lahayn miisaankeedu waa khafiif, fududahay in la kaydiyo, la qabsado, lagu xidho oo la laalo, oo waxay leedahay qiime jaban, laakiin waxay ku habboon tahay oo keliya hawo-gelinta;Hawo-qaadista, kaliya tuubooyinka hawo-qaadista ee dabacsan oo adag oo leh qalfoof adag ayaa la isticmaali karaa.Sababtoo ah qiimaha sarreeya, miisaanka weyn, ma fududa in la kaydiyo, gaadiidka iyo rakibidda, isticmaalka cadaadiska ee kaarka ayaa ka yar.
b.Xulashada marinka hawo-mareenka waxay tixgelinaysaa in dhexroorka tuubada hawo-qaadashadu ay ku habboon tahay dhexroorka bannaanka ee marawaxada.
c.Marka xaaladaha kale aysan wax badan ka duwanayn, way fududahay in la doorto marawaxad leh iska caabin dabayshu yar tahay iyo heerka daadinta hawada hoose ee 100 mitir.

In la sii wado......

 


Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-19-2022